Sustainable Development Policies and SDG Goals: Role of UNEP, Society, and NGOs for Environmental Protection

Abstract

Sustainable development is a multidimensional approach that integrates economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection for the well-being of present and future generations. Since the adoption of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, countries worldwide have pledged to achieve 17 goals and 169 targets by 2030 [1]. This paper critically examines the role of policies, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and society in advancing sustainable development. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of national parks, the contribution of developed and developing nations, and the need for collective global responsibility. The article also discusses how SDGs act as a framework to safeguard ecosystems, address climate change, and reduce inequalities.