Ring of Fire & Its Geophysical Connection with Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis Tectonic Interactions, Seismic Hazards, and Tsunami Dynamics in the Pacific Rim

Abstract

The Ring of Fire is a sweeping, horseshoe-shaped zone that wraps around the Pacific Ocean, famous for its powerful earthquakes and frequent volcanic eruptions caused by constant geological movement beneath the surface. This geologically active region hosts about 75% of the world’s active volcanoes and is responsible for nearly 90% of all documented earthquakes across the globe. This article explores the geodynamic interrelation between tectonic plate boundaries, subduction zones, and the triggering mechanisms behind earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. With scientific evidence, past case studies, and data tables, the article evaluates the seismic vulnerability of nations along the Ring of Fire, the propagation of seismic energy, and tsunami generation dynamics. Furthermore, it emphasizes the urgent need for improved early warning systems and international scientific collaboration. The article adheres to international journal and Google Scholar indexing standards, presenting a comprehensive review with scientific references, readability, and originality.